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nora 2023-01-09 09:37:33 +01:00
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minmax-java/README.md Normal file
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# Connect Four Template
A start of a project implementing a variant of the game "[Connect Four](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vier_gewinnt)".
## Mission
1. Extend the existing code such that the GreedyPlayer works.
2. Implement a strong opponent using MinMax/Negamax with a fixed depth (like 10).
3. Implement a perfect Player and optimize it for speed.
## Resources
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax-Algorithmus#Implementierung
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Beta-Suche#Implementierung
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zobrist_hashing

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minmax-java/build.gradle Normal file
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plugins {
id 'java'
}
group = 'ch.bbw.m411'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
java {
toolchain {
languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(17)
}
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.1'
testImplementation 'org.assertj:assertj-core:3.23.1'
testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.1'
}
tasks.named('test') {
useJUnitPlatform()
}

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minmax-java/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar vendored Normal file
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minmax-java/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties vendored Normal file
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distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionSha256Sum=f6b8596b10cce501591e92f229816aa4046424f3b24d771751b06779d58c8ec4
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5.1-bin.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

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minmax-java/gradlew vendored Executable file
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#!/bin/sh
#
# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
##############################################################################
#
# Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
#
# Important for running:
#
# (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
# noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
# bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
# command line, like:
#
# ksh Gradle
#
# Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
# requires all of these POSIX shell features:
# * functions;
# * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
# «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
# * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
# * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
#
# Important for patching:
#
# (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
# by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
#
# The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
# space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
# problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
# options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
#
# Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
# and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
# see the in-line comments for details.
#
# There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
# Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
#
# (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
# https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/master/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
# within the Gradle project.
#
# You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
#
##############################################################################
# Attempt to set APP_HOME
# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
app_path=$0
# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
while
APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"} # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
[ -h "$app_path" ]
do
ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
link=${ls#*' -> '}
case $link in #(
/*) app_path=$link ;; #(
*) app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
esac
done
APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" && pwd -P ) || exit
APP_NAME="Gradle"
APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
MAX_FD=maximum
warn () {
echo "$*"
} >&2
die () {
echo
echo "$*"
echo
exit 1
} >&2
# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
cygwin=false
msys=false
darwin=false
nonstop=false
case "$( uname )" in #(
CYGWIN* ) cygwin=true ;; #(
Darwin* ) darwin=true ;; #(
MSYS* | MINGW* ) msys=true ;; #(
NONSTOP* ) nonstop=true ;;
esac
CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
# IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
else
JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
fi
if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
fi
else
JAVACMD=java
which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
fi
# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
case $MAX_FD in #(
max*)
MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
esac
case $MAX_FD in #(
'' | soft) :;; #(
*)
ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
esac
fi
# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
# * args from the command line
# * the main class name
# * -classpath
# * -D...appname settings
# * --module-path (only if needed)
# * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.
# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )
JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )
# Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
for arg do
if
case $arg in #(
-*) false ;; # don't mess with options #(
/?*) t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*} # looks like a POSIX filepath
[ -e "$t" ] ;; #(
*) false ;;
esac
then
arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
fi
# Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
# args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
# possibly modified.
#
# NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
# changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
# iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
shift # remove old arg
set -- "$@" "$arg" # push replacement arg
done
fi
# Collect all arguments for the java command;
# * $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, $JAVA_OPTS, and $GRADLE_OPTS can contain fragments of
# shell script including quotes and variable substitutions, so put them in
# double quotes to make sure that they get re-expanded; and
# * put everything else in single quotes, so that it's not re-expanded.
set -- \
"-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
-classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
"$@"
# Stop when "xargs" is not available.
if ! command -v xargs >/dev/null 2>&1
then
die "xargs is not available"
fi
# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
#
# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
#
# In Bash we could simply go:
#
# readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
# set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
#
# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
#
# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
# an unmatched quote.
#
eval "set -- $(
printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
xargs -n1 |
sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
tr '\n' ' '
)" '"$@"'
exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"

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@rem
@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
@rem
@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at
@rem
@rem https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
@rem
@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
@rem limitations under the License.
@rem
@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off
@rem ##########################################################################
@rem
@rem Gradle startup script for Windows
@rem
@rem ##########################################################################
@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
set DIRNAME=%~dp0
if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=.
set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter.
for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi
@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"
@rem Find java.exe
if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute
echo.
echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
echo.
echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
echo location of your Java installation.
goto fail
:findJavaFromJavaHome
set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
echo.
echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
echo.
echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
echo location of your Java installation.
goto fail
:execute
@rem Setup the command line
set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
@rem Execute Gradle
"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %*
:end
@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd
:fail
rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL%
if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1
if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE%
exit /b %EXIT_CODE%
:mainEnd
if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
:omega

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minmax-java/settings.gradle Normal file
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minmax-java/src/main/java/ch/bbw/m411/connect4/Connect4ArenaMain.java Normal file
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package ch.bbw.m411.connect4;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* Plays a game of Connect Four on a 4x7 board (a variation of the original 6x7 board).
* The pieces fall straight down, occupying the lowest available space within the column.
*/
public class Connect4ArenaMain {
static final int WIDTH = 7;
static final int HEIGHT = 4;
static final int NOMOVE = -1;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Connect4ArenaMain().play(new HumanPlayer(), new GreedyPlayer());
}
static String toDebugString(Stone[] board) {
var sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int r = 0; r < HEIGHT; r++) {
for (int c = 0; c < WIDTH; c++) {
var value = board[r * WIDTH + c];
sb.append(value == null ? "." : (value == Stone.RED ? "X" : "O"));
}
sb.append("-");
}
return sb.toString();
}
Connect4Player play(Connect4Player red, Connect4Player blue) {
if (red == blue) {
throw new IllegalStateException("must be different players (simply create two instances)");
}
var board = new Stone[WIDTH * HEIGHT];
red.initialize(Arrays.copyOf(board, board.length), Stone.RED);
blue.initialize(Arrays.copyOf(board, board.length), Stone.BLUE);
var lastMove = NOMOVE;
var currentPlayer = red;
for (int round = 0; round < board.length; round++) {
var currentColor = currentPlayer == red ? Stone.RED : Stone.BLUE;
System.out.println(HumanPlayer.toPrettyString(board) + currentColor + " to play next...");
lastMove = currentPlayer.play(lastMove);
if (lastMove < 0 || lastMove >= WIDTH * HEIGHT) {
throw new IllegalStateException("move is outside of valid range: " + lastMove);
}
if (board[lastMove] != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("position " + lastMove + " is already occupied @" + toDebugString(board));
}
if (lastMove > WIDTH && board[lastMove - WIDTH] == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("position " + lastMove + " is mid-air @" + toDebugString(board));
}
board[lastMove] = currentColor;
if (isWinning(board, currentColor)) {
System.out.println(
HumanPlayer.toPrettyString(board) + "...and the winner is: " + currentColor + " @ " + toDebugString(board));
return currentPlayer;
}
currentPlayer = currentPlayer == red ? blue : red;
}
System.out.println(HumanPlayer.toPrettyString(board) + "...it's a DRAW @ " + toDebugString(board));
return null; // null implies a draw
}
boolean isWinning(Stone[] board, Stone forColor) {
// TODO: provide an implementation
throw new IllegalStateException("Not implemented yet");
}
public enum Stone {
RED, BLUE;
public Stone opponent() {
return this == RED ? BLUE : RED;
}
}
public interface Connect4Player {
/**
* Called before the game starts and guaranteed to only be called once per livetime of the player.
*
* @param board the starting board, usually an empty board.
* @param colorToPlay the color of this player
*/
void initialize(Stone[] board, Stone colorToPlay);
/**
* Perform a next move, will only be called if the Game is not over yet.
* Each player has to keep an internal state of the 4x7 board, wher the 0-index is on the bottom row.
* The index-layout looks as:
* <pre>
* 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
* 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
* 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
* </pre>
*
* @param opponendPlayed the last index where the opponent played to (in range 0 - width*height exclusive)
* or -1 if this is the first move.
* @return an index to play to (in range 0 - width*height exclusive)
*/
int play(int opponendPlayed);
}
/**
* An abstract helper class to keep track of a board (and whatever we or the opponent played).
*/
public abstract static class DefaultPlayer implements Connect4Player {
Stone[] board;
Stone myColor;
@Override
public void initialize(Stone[] board, Stone colorToPlay) {
this.board = board;
myColor = colorToPlay;
}
@Override
public int play(int opponendPlayed) {
if (opponendPlayed != NOMOVE) {
board[opponendPlayed] = myColor.opponent();
}
var playTo = play();
board[playTo] = myColor;
return playTo;
}
/**
* Givent the current {@link #board}, find a suitable position-index to play to.
* @return the position to play to as defined by {@link Connect4Player#play(int)}.
*/
abstract int play();
}
public static class HumanPlayer extends DefaultPlayer {
static String toPrettyString(Stone[] board) {
var sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int r = HEIGHT - 1; r >= 0; r--) {
for (int c = 0; c < WIDTH; c++) {
var index = r * WIDTH + c;
if (board[index] == null) {
if (index < WIDTH || board[index - WIDTH] != null) {
sb.append("\033[37m" + index + "\033[0m ");
if (index < 10) {
sb.append(" ");
}
} else {
sb.append("\033[37m.\033[0m ");
}
} else if (board[index] == Stone.RED) {
sb.append("\033[1;31mX\033[0m ");
} else {
sb.append("\033[1;34mO\033[0m ");
}
}
sb.append("\n");
}
return sb.toString();
}
@Override
int play() {
System.out.println("where to to put the next " + myColor + "?");
var scanner = new Scanner(System.in, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
return Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
}
}
public static class GreedyPlayer extends DefaultPlayer {
@Override
int play() {
for (int c = 0; c < WIDTH; c++) {
for (int r = 0; r < HEIGHT; r++) {
var index = r * WIDTH + c;
if (board[index] == null) {
return index;
}
}
}
throw new IllegalStateException("cannot play at all");
}
}
}

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minmax-java/src/test/java/ch/bbw/m411/connect4/Connect4MainTest.java Normal file
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package ch.bbw.m411.connect4;
import java.util.List;
import org.assertj.core.api.AbstractBooleanAssert;
import org.assertj.core.api.WithAssertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
class Connect4MainTest implements WithAssertions {
protected Connect4ArenaMain newInstance() {
return new Connect4ArenaMain();
}
Connect4ArenaMain.Stone[] fromString(String boardStr) {
var board = boardStr.codePoints()
.map(Character::toLowerCase)
.filter(x -> List.of('x', 'o', '.')
.contains((char) x))
.mapToObj(x -> x == 'x' ? Connect4ArenaMain.Stone.RED : (x == 'o' ? Connect4ArenaMain.Stone.BLUE : null))
.toArray(Connect4ArenaMain.Stone[]::new);
assertThat(board).hasSize(Connect4ArenaMain.WIDTH * Connect4ArenaMain.HEIGHT);
return board;
}
AbstractBooleanAssert<?> assertThatXWin(String boardStr) {
var board = fromString(boardStr);
return assertThat(newInstance().isWinning(board, Connect4ArenaMain.Stone.RED)).as(Connect4ArenaMain.toDebugString(board));
}
@Test
void isWin() {
assertThatXWin("xxxx... ....... ....... .......").isTrue();
assertThatXWin(".xxxx.. ....... ....... .......").isTrue();
assertThatXWin("..xxxx. ....... ....... .......").isTrue();
assertThatXWin("...xxxx ....... ....... .......").isTrue();
assertThatXWin("...x... ...x... ...x... ...x...").isTrue();
assertThatXWin("......x ......x ......x ......x").isTrue();
assertThatXWin("xooo... .xoo... ..xo... ...x...").isTrue();
assertThatXWin(".ooxo.. .oxoo.. .xxxx.. .......").isTrue();
assertThatXWin(".ooxo.x .oxoo.. .ooxx.. .xxxx..").isTrue();
assertThatXWin("oooo... xxxx... ....... .......").isTrue();
}
@Test
void noWin() {
assertThatXWin("....... ....... ....... .......").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("xxx.xx. ....... ....... .......").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("xxx.xxx xxx.xxx xxx.xxx .......").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("xx.x.xx xx.x.xx xx.x.xx .......").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("ooo.ooo xxx.xxx xxx.xxx xxx.xxx").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("oo.o.oo xx.x.xx xx.x.xx xx.x.xx").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("oooo... ....... ....... .......").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("xxx.xx. xxx.xx. xxx.... o......").isFalse();
assertThatXWin("xxxo... x.x.... x.o.... o.x....").isFalse();
}
@Test
void inAGreedyBattleTheFirstPlayerWillWin() {
var red = new Connect4ArenaMain.GreedyPlayer();
var blue = new Connect4ArenaMain.GreedyPlayer();
assertThat(newInstance().play(red, blue)).isSameAs(red);
}
}