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235 lines
12 KiB
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235 lines
12 KiB
HTML
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="formatting.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Formatting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="conventions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Conventions</a></li></ol> </div>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Nilstrieb C Coding Style Edition 2</h1>
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<main>
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<h1 id="formatting"><a class="header" href="#formatting">Formatting</a></h1>
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<p>The Nilstrieb C Style Guide Edition 2 mostly follows the principle of maximal readability.
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Code, especially C code, is mostly read (by security researchers to find the vulnerabilities),
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and therefore readability comes before writability.</p>
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<h2 id="control-flow"><a class="header" href="#control-flow">Control flow</a></h2>
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<p>Never use braces with <code>if</code>/<code>while</code>/<code>do</code>/<code>for</code> statements as they introduce clutter. If your
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body cannot fit into a single line, make a new function instead.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c"> #include<stdio.h>
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void if_bdy() {
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printf("Hello, ");
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printf("World!");
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}
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void foo() {
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if (true)
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if_bdy();
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else
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printf("True was false!");
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="identation"><a class="header" href="#identation">Identation</a></h2>
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<p>C code must be indented with 3 spaces. The toplevel should be indented as well.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c"> #include<stdio.h>
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int main() {}
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</code></pre>
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<div style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;"></div><h1 id="conventions"><a class="header" href="#conventions">Conventions</a></h1>
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<p>General conventions that C code should obey.</p>
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<h2 id="memory-allocation"><a class="header" href="#memory-allocation">Memory allocation</a></h2>
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<p>Always check the return value of <code>malloc</code>. If it is a null pointer, dereference it to immediately abort the processas as we cannot reasonable recover from OOM in most cases. If such a recovery is possible, recover instead. On some platforms, dereferencing a null pointer does <em>not</em> abort the process. In these cases, the null pointer is a perfectly fine pointer, and just continue using it instead. Note that this derefence should usually be a volatile operation as the compiler would optimize it away otherwise. I have reported upstream issues on compilers about this, but they have not yet answered.</p>
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<p>If the pointer is non-null, <code>free</code> it directly after the <code>malloc</code> call. This prevents memory leaks of all sorts. Afterwards,
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you can use it freely in your program.</p>
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<h2 id="includes"><a class="header" href="#includes">Includes</a></h2>
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<p><code>#include</code> directives shall be placed at the start of the file. But usually, it's better to not use the preprocessor at all. Paste the code in by hand so that it is clearly visible in version control.</p>
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<h2 id="identifers"><a class="header" href="#identifers">Identifers</a></h2>
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<p>All identifiers should be given meaningful english names. To work with ancient linkers, function names should contain six characters at most.</p>
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<h2 id="comments"><a class="header" href="#comments">Comments</a></h2>
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<p>Comments are vital to readability. Therefore, code should always be well commented. Comments must be written in the lingua franca of programming, swiss german.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c">int main() {
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int five = 5; // füüf
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printf("Your number: %d", five); // äm benutzer füüf usgee
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}
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</code></pre>
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