diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6e6f5d3..3571d40 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "parser",
  "rustc-hash",
+ "smallvec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -473,9 +474,9 @@ checksum = "2e24979f63a11545f5f2c60141afe249d4f19f84581ea2138065e400941d83d3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.8.1"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc88c725d61fc6c3132893370cac4a0200e3fedf5da8331c570664b1987f5ca2"
+checksum = "a507befe795404456341dfab10cef66ead4c041f62b8b11bbb92bffe5d0953e0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smawk"
diff --git a/analysis/Cargo.toml b/analysis/Cargo.toml
index fe938b8..575e6b3 100644
--- a/analysis/Cargo.toml
+++ b/analysis/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ bumpalo = "3.10.0"
 indexmap = "1.9.1"
 parser = { path = "../parser" }
 rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
+smallvec = { version = "1.10.0", features = ["union"] }
diff --git a/analysis/src/ir.rs b/analysis/src/ir.rs
index 8f683b1..97ee1cc 100644
--- a/analysis/src/ir.rs
+++ b/analysis/src/ir.rs
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ pub enum UnaryKind {
 pub enum ConstValue {
     Void,
     Int(u128),
+    StaticPtr(DefId),
 }
 
 impl Func<'_> {
diff --git a/analysis/src/ir/pretty.rs b/analysis/src/ir/pretty.rs
index c2e3e81..1c62e7f 100644
--- a/analysis/src/ir/pretty.rs
+++ b/analysis/src/ir/pretty.rs
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ impl Display for ConstValue {
         match self {
             ConstValue::Int(int) => <_ as Display>::fmt(int, f),
             ConstValue::Void => f.write_str("void"),
+            ConstValue::StaticPtr(def_id) => write!(f, "{{{}}}", def_id.0),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/analysis/src/lower.rs b/analysis/src/lower.rs
index fa00dda..c7ceb0d 100644
--- a/analysis/src/lower.rs
+++ b/analysis/src/lower.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 mod builder;
+mod typeck;
 
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
 struct LoweringCx<'cx> {
     tys: RefCell<FxHashSet<&'cx TyKind<'cx>>>,
     layouts: RefCell<FxHashSet<&'cx Layout>>,
+    string_literals: RefCell<FxHashMap<&'cx [u8], DefId>>,
     arena: &'cx bumpalo::Bump,
     next_def_id: Cell<DefId>,
 }
@@ -38,13 +40,10 @@ impl<'cx> LoweringCx<'cx> {
         let kind = match ty {
             ast::TypeSpecifier::Void => TyKind::Void,
             ast::TypeSpecifier::Char => TyKind::Char,
-            ast::TypeSpecifier::SChar => TyKind::SChar,
-            ast::TypeSpecifier::UChar => TyKind::UChar,
             ast::TypeSpecifier::Integer(int) => TyKind::Integer(*int),
             ast::TypeSpecifier::Float => TyKind::Float,
             ast::TypeSpecifier::Double => TyKind::Double,
             ast::TypeSpecifier::LongDouble => TyKind::LongDouble,
-            ast::TypeSpecifier::Bool => TyKind::Bool,
         };
         self.intern_ty(kind)
     }
@@ -73,22 +72,34 @@ impl<'cx> LoweringCx<'cx> {
         }
     }
 
+    fn intern_str_lit(&self, str: &[u8]) -> DefId {
+        let opt_str = self.string_literals.borrow().get(str).copied();
+        match opt_str {
+            Some(lit_def_id) => lit_def_id,
+            None => {
+                let str = self.arena.alloc_slice_copy(str);
+                let lit_def_id = self.next_def_id();
+                self.string_literals.borrow_mut().insert(str, lit_def_id);
+                lit_def_id
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     fn layout_of(&self, ty: Ty<'cx>) -> TyLayout<'cx> {
         let layout = match *ty {
             TyKind::Void => Layout::size_align(0, 1),
             TyKind::Char => Layout::size_align(1, 1),
-            TyKind::SChar => Layout::size_align(1, 1),
-            TyKind::UChar => Layout::size_align(1, 1),
             TyKind::Integer(int) => match int.kind {
-                parser::ast::IntTyKind::Short => Layout::size_align(2, 2),
-                parser::ast::IntTyKind::Int => Layout::size_align(4, 4),
-                parser::ast::IntTyKind::Long => Layout::size_align(8, 8),
-                parser::ast::IntTyKind::LongLong => Layout::size_align(8, 8),
+                IntTyKind::Bool => Layout::size_align(1, 1),
+                IntTyKind::Char => Layout::size_align(1, 1),
+                IntTyKind::Short => Layout::size_align(2, 2),
+                IntTyKind::Int => Layout::size_align(4, 4),
+                IntTyKind::Long => Layout::size_align(8, 8),
+                IntTyKind::LongLong => Layout::size_align(8, 8),
             },
             TyKind::Float => Layout::size_align(4, 4),
             TyKind::Double => Layout::size_align(8, 8),
             TyKind::LongDouble => Layout::size_align(8, 8),
-            TyKind::Bool => Layout::size_align(1, 1),
             TyKind::Struct(_) => todo!("layout_of struct"),
             TyKind::Union(_) => todo!("layout_of union"),
             TyKind::Enum(_) => todo!("layout_of enum"),
@@ -106,6 +117,7 @@ pub fn lower_translation_unit<'cx>(
     let lcx = LoweringCx {
         tys: RefCell::default(),
         layouts: RefCell::default(),
+        string_literals: RefCell::default(),
         arena,
         next_def_id: Cell::new(DefId(0)),
     };
@@ -139,11 +151,25 @@ pub fn lower_translation_unit<'cx>(
     Ok(ir)
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
 struct FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
     scopes: Vec<FxHashMap<Symbol, VariableInfo<'cx>>>,
     build: FuncBuilder<'a, 'cx>,
     lcx: &'a LoweringCx<'cx>,
+    types: CommonTypes<'cx>,
+}
+
+struct CommonInt<'cx> {
+    signed: Ty<'cx>,
+    unsigned: Ty<'cx>,
+}
+
+struct CommonTypes<'cx> {
+    void: Ty<'cx>,
+    char: Ty<'cx>,
+    su_char: CommonInt<'cx>,
+    short: CommonInt<'cx>,
+    int: CommonInt<'cx>,
+    long: CommonInt<'cx>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
@@ -292,18 +318,15 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
     }
 
     fn lower_expr(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr, span: Span) -> Result<(Operand, TyLayout<'cx>)> {
-        match expr {
-            ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::Char(c)) => Ok((
+        let op_tyl = match expr {
+            ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::Char(c)) => (
                 Operand::Const(ConstValue::Int((*c).into())),
-                self.ty_layout(TyKind::Char),
-            )),
-            ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::Int(i)) => Ok((
+                self.lcx.layout_of(self.types.char),
+            ),
+            ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::Int(i)) => (
                 Operand::Const(ConstValue::Int(*i as _)),
-                self.ty_layout(TyKind::Integer(IntTy {
-                    sign: IntTySignedness::Signed,
-                    kind: IntTyKind::Int,
-                })),
-            )),
+                self.lcx.layout_of(self.types.int.signed),
+            ),
             ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::Float(_)) => todo!("no floats"),
             ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::Ident((ident, ident_span))) => {
                 let Some(var) = self.resolve_ident(*ident) else {
@@ -311,9 +334,15 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                 };
                 let tyl = var.tyl;
                 let op = self.build.load(var.tyl, var.ptr_to, span);
-                Ok((Operand::Reg(op), tyl))
+                (Operand::Reg(op), tyl)
+            }
+            ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::String(string)) => {
+                let lit_def_id = self.lcx.intern_str_lit(string);
+                (
+                    Operand::Const(ConstValue::StaticPtr(lit_def_id)),
+                    self.ty_layout(TyKind::Ptr(self.types.char)),
+                )
             }
-            ast::Expr::Atom(ast::Atom::String(_)) => todo!("no string literals"),
             ast::Expr::Unary(ast::ExprUnary {
                 op: op @ (ast::UnaryOp::Increment | ast::UnaryOp::Decrement),
                 rhs: rhs_expr,
@@ -341,7 +370,7 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                         .binary(bin_kind, Operand::Reg(lhs), rhs, span, self.dummy_tyl());
                 self.build.store(lhs, rhs, self.dummy_tyl().layout, span);
 
-                Ok((Operand::Reg(result), self.dummy_tyl()))
+                (Operand::Reg(result), self.dummy_tyl())
             }
             ast::Expr::Unary(unary) => {
                 let rhs = self.lower_expr(&unary.rhs.0, unary.rhs.1)?;
@@ -357,7 +386,7 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                 };
 
                 let reg = self.build.unary(kind, rhs.0, span, self.dummy_tyl());
-                Ok((Operand::Reg(reg), self.dummy_tyl()))
+                (Operand::Reg(reg), self.dummy_tyl())
             }
             ast::Expr::Binary(ast::ExprBinary {
                 lhs,
@@ -372,7 +401,7 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                 let ptr_to = self.expr_as_lvalue(&lhs.0)?;
                 self.build
                     .store(ptr_to, rhs.0, self.dummy_tyl().layout, span);
-                Ok(rhs)
+                rhs
             }
             ast::Expr::Binary(binary) => {
                 let lhs = self.lower_expr(&binary.lhs.0, binary.lhs.1)?;
@@ -408,7 +437,7 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                     .build
                     .binary(kind, lhs.0, rhs.0, span, self.dummy_tyl());
 
-                Ok((Operand::Reg(reg), self.dummy_tyl()))
+                (Operand::Reg(reg), self.dummy_tyl())
             }
             ast::Expr::Postfix(postfix) => {
                 let lhs = self.lower_expr(&postfix.lhs.0, postfix.lhs.1)?;
@@ -420,7 +449,7 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                             .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
 
                         let reg = self.build.call(self.dummy_tyl(), lhs.0, args, span);
-                        Ok((Operand::Reg(reg), self.dummy_tyl()))
+                        (Operand::Reg(reg), self.dummy_tyl())
                     }
                     ast::PostfixOp::Member(_) => todo!("member expr"),
                     ast::PostfixOp::ArrowMember(_) => todo!("arrow member expr"),
@@ -430,7 +459,8 @@ impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
                     ast::PostfixOp::Decrement => todo!(),
                 }
             }
-        }
+        };
+        Ok(op_tyl)
     }
 }
 
@@ -461,6 +491,7 @@ fn lower_func<'cx>(
             params.len().try_into().unwrap(),
         ),
         lcx,
+        types: CommonTypes::new(lcx),
     };
 
     for param in params {
@@ -512,3 +543,22 @@ fn lower_func<'cx>(
 
     Ok(cx.build.finish())
 }
+
+impl<'cx> CommonTypes<'cx> {
+    fn new(lcx: &LoweringCx<'cx>) -> Self {
+        let int = |sign, kind| lcx.intern_ty(TyKind::Integer(IntTy { sign, kind }));
+        let int_pair = |kind| CommonInt {
+            signed: int(IntTySignedness::Signed, kind),
+            unsigned: int(IntTySignedness::Unsigned, kind),
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            void: lcx.intern_ty(TyKind::Void),
+            char: lcx.intern_ty(TyKind::Char),
+            su_char: int_pair(IntTyKind::Char),
+            short: int_pair(IntTyKind::Short),
+            int: int_pair(IntTyKind::Int),
+            long: int_pair(IntTyKind::Long),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/analysis/src/lower/typeck.rs b/analysis/src/lower/typeck.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c73dc5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/analysis/src/lower/typeck.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+use parser::{
+    ast::{IntTy, IntTyKind, IntTySignedness},
+    Span,
+};
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+
+use super::{FnLoweringCtxt, Result};
+use crate::{
+    ty::{Ty, TyKind},
+    Error,
+};
+
+pub(super) type Coercions<'cx> = SmallVec<[(Coercion, Ty<'cx>); 2]>;
+
+pub(super) enum Coercion {
+    ZeroExt,
+    SignExt,
+    SignToUnsigned,
+}
+
+pub(super) struct ArithCoerce<'cx> {
+    pub result: Ty<'cx>,
+    pub lhs: Coercions<'cx>,
+    pub rhs: Coercions<'cx>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'cx> FnLoweringCtxt<'a, 'cx> {
+    /// Performs implicit coercion.
+    /// §6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions
+    pub(super) fn arith_op(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs: Ty<'cx>,
+        rhs: Ty<'cx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Result<(Ty<'cx>, Coercions<'cx>, Coercions<'cx>)> {
+        Ok(match (*lhs, *rhs) {
+            (TyKind::LongDouble, _) => (lhs, smallvec![], self.coerce(rhs, lhs)?),
+            (_, TyKind::LongDouble) => (rhs, self.coerce(lhs, rhs)?, smallvec![]),
+            (TyKind::Double, _) => (lhs, smallvec![], self.coerce(rhs, lhs)?),
+            (_, TyKind::Double) => (rhs, self.coerce(lhs, rhs)?, smallvec![]),
+            (TyKind::Float, _) => (lhs, smallvec![], self.coerce(rhs, lhs)?),
+            (_, TyKind::Float) => (rhs, self.coerce(lhs, rhs)?, smallvec![]),
+            (_, _) => {
+                let mut lhs_coerce = self.promote(lhs, span)?;
+                let mut rhs_coerce = self.promote(rhs, span)?;
+
+                let lhs_prom = lhs_coerce.last().map_or(lhs, |(_, ty)| *ty);
+                let rhs_prom = rhs_coerce.last().map_or(rhs, |(_, ty)| *ty);
+                let lhs_prom_int = lhs_prom.unwrap_int();
+                let rhs_prom_int = rhs_prom.unwrap_int();
+
+                let lhs_sign = lhs_prom_int.sign;
+                let rhs_sign = rhs_prom_int.sign;
+
+                let lhs_kind = lhs_prom_int.kind;
+                let rhs_kind = rhs_prom_int.kind;
+
+                // If both operands have the same type, then no further conversion is needed.
+                let result = if lhs_prom == rhs_prom {
+                    lhs
+                // Otherwise, if both operands have signed integer types or both have unsigned
+                // integer types, the operand with the type of lesser integer conversion rank is
+                // converted to the type of the operand with greater rank.
+                } else if (lhs_sign.unsigned() && rhs_prom_int.sign.unsigned())
+                    || (lhs_sign.signed() && rhs_sign.signed())
+                {
+                    if lhs_kind > rhs_kind {
+                        rhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(rhs_prom, lhs_prom)?);
+                        lhs
+                    } else if lhs_kind < rhs_kind {
+                        lhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(lhs_prom, rhs_prom)?);
+                        rhs
+                    } else {
+                        unreachable!("integers must have different rank here")
+                    }
+                // Otherwise, if the operand that has unsigned integer type has rank greater or
+                // equal to the rank of the type of the other operand, then the operand with
+                // signed integer type is converted to the type of the operand with unsigned
+                // integer type.
+                } else if (lhs_sign.unsigned() && lhs_kind >= rhs_kind)
+                    || (rhs_sign.unsigned() && rhs_kind >= lhs_kind)
+                {
+                    if lhs_sign.unsigned() {
+                        rhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(rhs_prom, lhs_prom)?);
+                        lhs
+                    } else {
+                        lhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(lhs_prom, rhs_prom)?);
+                        rhs
+                    }
+                // Otherwise, if the type of the operand with signed integer type can represent
+                // all of the values of the type of the operand with unsigned integer type, then
+                // the operand with unsigned integer type is converted to the type of the
+                // operand with signed integer type.
+                } else if (lhs_sign.unsigned() && is_int_bigger(rhs_kind, lhs_kind))
+                    || (rhs_sign.unsigned() && is_int_bigger(lhs_kind, rhs_kind))
+                {
+                    if lhs_sign.unsigned() {
+                        lhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(lhs_prom, rhs_prom)?);
+                        rhs
+                    } else {
+                        rhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(rhs_prom, lhs_prom)?);
+                        lhs
+                    }
+                // Otherwise, both operands are converted to the unsigned integer type
+                // corresponding to the type of the operand with signed integer type.
+                } else {
+                    let kind = if lhs_sign.signed() {
+                        lhs_kind
+                    } else {
+                        rhs_kind
+                    };
+                    let ty = self.lcx.intern_ty(TyKind::Integer(IntTy {
+                        kind,
+                        sign: IntTySignedness::Unsigned,
+                    }));
+                    lhs_coerce.extend(self.coerce(lhs_prom, ty)?);
+                    ty
+                };
+
+                (result, lhs_coerce, rhs_coerce)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn coerce(&mut self, from: Ty<'cx>, to: Ty<'cx>) -> Result<Coercions<'cx>> {
+        if from != to {
+            todo!("coerce.")
+        }
+        Ok(smallvec![])
+    }
+
+    // §6.3.1.1 Boolean, characters, and integers
+    fn promote(&self, ty: Ty<'cx>, span: Span) -> Result<Coercions<'cx>> {
+        Ok(match *ty {
+            TyKind::Char => smallvec![(Coercion::SignExt, self.types.int.signed)],
+            TyKind::Integer(int) if int.kind < IntTyKind::Int => match int.sign {
+                IntTySignedness::Signed => smallvec![(Coercion::SignExt, self.types.int.signed)],
+                IntTySignedness::Unsigned => {
+                    smallvec![(Coercion::ZeroExt, self.types.int.unsigned)]
+                }
+            },
+            TyKind::Integer(_) => smallvec![],
+            TyKind::Enum(_) => todo!("enums are unimplemented"),
+            _ => return Err(Error::new(format!("cannot convert {ty} to integer"), span)),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_int_bigger(this: IntTyKind, compared_to: IntTyKind) -> bool {
+    let num = |kind| match kind {
+        IntTyKind::Bool => 1,
+        IntTyKind::Char => 2,
+        IntTyKind::Short => 3,
+        IntTyKind::Int => 4,
+        IntTyKind::Long => 5,
+        IntTyKind::LongLong => 5,
+    };
+
+    num(this) > num(compared_to)
+}
diff --git a/analysis/src/ty.rs b/analysis/src/ty.rs
index 7918b7c..d3f2fa6 100644
--- a/analysis/src/ty.rs
+++ b/analysis/src/ty.rs
@@ -12,20 +12,17 @@ use parser::{
 
 use crate::ir::DefId;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq)]
 pub struct Ty<'cx>(&'cx TyKind<'cx>);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum TyKind<'cx> {
     Void,
     Char,
-    SChar,
-    UChar,
     Integer(IntTy),
     Float,
     Double,
     LongDouble,
-    Bool,
     Ptr(Ty<'cx>),
     Union(UnionTy<'cx>),
     Struct(StructTy<'cx>),
@@ -84,14 +81,14 @@ impl Display for Ty<'_> {
         match **self {
             TyKind::Void => f.write_str("void"),
             TyKind::Char => f.write_str("char"),
-            TyKind::SChar => f.write_str("signed char"),
-            TyKind::UChar => f.write_str("unsigned char"),
             TyKind::Integer(int) => {
                 match int.sign {
                     IntTySignedness::Signed => f.write_str("signed "),
                     IntTySignedness::Unsigned => f.write_str("unsigned "),
                 }?;
                 match int.kind {
+                    IntTyKind::Bool => f.write_str("_Bool"),
+                    IntTyKind::Char => f.write_str("char"),
                     IntTyKind::Short => f.write_str("short"),
                     IntTyKind::Int => f.write_str("int"),
                     IntTyKind::Long => f.write_str("long"),
@@ -102,7 +99,6 @@ impl Display for Ty<'_> {
             TyKind::Float => f.write_str("float"),
             TyKind::Double => f.write_str("double"),
             TyKind::LongDouble => f.write_str("long double"),
-            TyKind::Bool => f.write_str("_Bool"),
             TyKind::Ptr(ty) => {
                 write!(f, "{ty}*")
             }
@@ -113,11 +109,29 @@ impl Display for Ty<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'cx> Ty<'cx> {
-    pub fn is_integral(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            *self,
-            TyKind::Char | TyKind::SChar | TyKind::UChar | TyKind::Integer(_)
-        )
+impl PartialEq for Ty<'_> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        // Interning.
+        std::ptr::eq(&self.0, &other.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for Ty<'_> {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        // Interning.
+        std::ptr::hash(&self.0, state)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'cx> Ty<'cx> {
+    pub fn is_integral(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self, TyKind::Char | TyKind::Integer(_))
+    }
+
+    pub fn unwrap_int(self) -> IntTy {
+        match *self {
+            TyKind::Integer(int) => *int,
+            _ => panic!("expected integer type, found {self}"),
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/parser/src/ast.rs b/parser/src/ast.rs
index cd9bc88..d805b18 100644
--- a/parser/src/ast.rs
+++ b/parser/src/ast.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub enum Atom {
     Ident(Ident),
     Int(u128),
     Float(f64),
-    String(String),
+    String(Vec<u8>),
     Char(u8),
 }
 
@@ -157,8 +157,11 @@ impl Default for IntTySignedness {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, DebugPls, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, DebugPls, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+// N.B: Ord, order matters.
 pub enum IntTyKind {
+    Bool,
+    Char,
     Short,
     Int,
     Long,
@@ -175,13 +178,10 @@ pub struct IntTy {
 pub enum TypeSpecifier {
     Void,
     Char,
-    SChar,
-    UChar,
     Integer(IntTy),
     Float,
     Double,
     LongDouble,
-    Bool,
     // TODO
     // complex
     // atomic-type-specifier
@@ -294,3 +294,13 @@ impl DirectDeclarator {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl IntTySignedness {
+    pub fn signed(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Signed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn unsigned(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Unsigned)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/parser/src/parser.rs b/parser/src/parser.rs
index 28448ce..6e3cf58 100644
--- a/parser/src/parser.rs
+++ b/parser/src/parser.rs
@@ -292,8 +292,10 @@ where
             let ty = match token {
                 Tok::Kw(Kw::Void) => TypeSpecifier::Void,
                 Tok::Kw(Kw::Char) => match signedness {
-                    Some(IntTySignedness::Signed) => TypeSpecifier::SChar,
-                    Some(IntTySignedness::Unsigned) => TypeSpecifier::UChar,
+                    Some(signedness) => TypeSpecifier::Integer(IntTy {
+                        sign: signedness,
+                        kind: IntTyKind::Char,
+                    }),
                     None => TypeSpecifier::Char,
                 },
                 Tok::Kw(Kw::Short) => {
@@ -362,7 +364,10 @@ where
                 }
                 Tok::Kw(Kw::Float) => TypeSpecifier::Float,
                 Tok::Kw(Kw::Double) => TypeSpecifier::Double,
-                Tok::Kw(Kw::Bool) => TypeSpecifier::Bool,
+                Tok::Kw(Kw::Bool) => TypeSpecifier::Integer(IntTy {
+                    sign: IntTySignedness::Unsigned,
+                    kind: IntTyKind::Bool,
+                }),
                 Tok::Kw(Kw::Complex) => {
                     return Err(ParserError::new(
                         span,
diff --git a/parser/src/parser/expr.rs b/parser/src/parser/expr.rs
index 66f79c0..93010e0 100644
--- a/parser/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/parser/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ where
     fn get_lhs(&mut self) -> Result<Spanned<Expr>> {
         let (typ, span) = match self.peek_t()? {
             &(Tok::Ident(ident), span) => (Atom::Ident((Symbol::intern(ident), span)), span),
-            &(Tok::StringLiteral(literal), span) => (Atom::String(literal.to_string()), span),
+            &(Tok::StringLiteral(literal), span) => {
+                (Atom::String(literal.to_string().into_bytes()), span)
+            }
             &(Tok::Constant(Constant::Int(int)), span) => (Atom::Int(int), span),
             &(Tok::Constant(Constant::Float(float)), span) => (Atom::Float(float), span),
             &(Tok::Constant(Constant::Char(char)), span) => (Atom::Char(char), span),
diff --git a/parser/src/pretty.rs b/parser/src/pretty.rs
index 62cc6a2..dce7af8 100644
--- a/parser/src/pretty.rs
+++ b/parser/src/pretty.rs
@@ -231,8 +231,6 @@ impl<W: Write> PrettyPrinter<W> {
         match spec {
             TypeSpecifier::Void => self.string("void"),
             TypeSpecifier::Char => self.string("char"),
-            TypeSpecifier::SChar => self.string("signed char"),
-            TypeSpecifier::UChar => self.string("unsigned char"),
             TypeSpecifier::Integer(int) => {
                 // prefix the unsignedness if desired
                 if let IntTySignedness::Unsigned = int.sign {
@@ -240,6 +238,8 @@ impl<W: Write> PrettyPrinter<W> {
                 }
 
                 match int.kind {
+                    IntTyKind::Bool => self.string("_Bool"),
+                    IntTyKind::Char => self.string("char"),
                     IntTyKind::Short => self.string("short"),
                     IntTyKind::Int => self.string("int"),
                     IntTyKind::Long => self.string("long"),
@@ -249,7 +249,6 @@ impl<W: Write> PrettyPrinter<W> {
             TypeSpecifier::Float => self.string("float"),
             TypeSpecifier::Double => self.string("double"),
             TypeSpecifier::LongDouble => self.string("long double"),
-            TypeSpecifier::Bool => self.string("_Bool"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -316,7 +315,11 @@ impl<W: Write> PrettyPrinter<W> {
                 Atom::String(string) => {
                     self.string("\"")?;
                     // bare attempt at escpaing
-                    self.string(&string.replace('\"', "\\\""))?;
+                    self.string(
+                        &std::str::from_utf8(string)
+                            .unwrap_or("<invalid utf-8>")
+                            .replace('\"', "\\\""),
+                    )?;
                     self.string("\"")?;
                     Ok(())
                 }