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nora 2025-09-27 12:54:43 +02:00
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slides/2025-10-10-how-rust-compiles/index.html
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@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ fn main() { math::add() }
</code></pre>
<pre><code data-trim class="language-rust">
fn main() {
add(0_u16, 0_u16);
add(0_u32, 0_u32);
math::add(0_u16, 0_u16);
math::add(0_u32, 0_u32);
}
</code></pre>
</div>
@ -327,30 +327,6 @@ fn main() { math::add() }
<textarea data-template>
## inlining
```rust
fn main() {
let x = 1 + 4;
println!("{x}");
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## inlining
```rust
fn main() {
let x = 5;
println!("{x}");
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## inlining
```rust
fn add(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
a + b
@ -385,20 +361,194 @@ fn main() { math::add() }
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## inlining
## cross-crate inlining
```rust
fn add(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
a + b
}
```
```rust
fn main() {
let x = 5;
let x = add(1, 4); // what is the body?...
println!("{x}");
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## #[inline] to the rescue
```rust
#[inline]
fn add(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
a + b
}
```
```rust
fn main() {
let x = add(1, 4); // 💡 it's a + b
println!("{x}");
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; gap: 16px">
<pre><code data-trim class="language-rust">
#[inline]
fn add(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
a + b
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code data-trim class="language-rust">
fn main() {
let x = add(1, 4);
println!("{x}");
}
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="mermaid">
<pre>
%%{init: {'theme': 'dark', 'themeVariables': { 'darkMode': true, 'fontSize': '25px' }}}%%
flowchart LR
subgraph crate math
addmir["add (MIR)"]
end
subgraph my crate
mainmir["main (MIR)"]
end
subgraph my crate
subgraph mycgu1[my CGU 1]
addll["add (LLVM IR)"]
mainll["main (LLVM IR)"]
end
mainmir --> mainll
addmir --> addll
mycgu1 --> mycgu1.rcgu.o
mycgu1.rcgu.o --> my_binary
std["std (and others)"] --> my_binary
end
</pre>
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## `#[inline]`
- `#[inline]` enables cross-crate inlining of non-generic functions
- for very small functions, this happens automatically
- for other functions, it doesn't, because it would be slow
- don't over-apply it in a library, but also don't forget about it
- benchmark!
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## but i wan't maximal performance...
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## link-time optimization (LTO)
- optimizes everything in your program together at the end
- breaks crate boundaries
- is awesome
- is slow
- comes in many forms
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<h2>lto = "fat"</h2>
<div class="mermaid">
<pre>
%%{init: {'theme': 'dark', 'themeVariables': { 'darkMode': true, 'fontSize': '25px' }}}%%
flowchart LR
subgraph crate math
addmir["add (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph crate math2
submir["sub (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph my crate
mainmir["main (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph my crate
subgraph fatlto[fat LTO]
addll["add (LLVM IR)"]
subll["sub (LLVM IR)"]
mainll["main (LLVM IR)"]
end
mainmir --> mainll
addmir --> addll
submir --> subll
fatlto --> my_binary
end
</pre>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>lto = "thin"</h2>
<div class="mermaid">
<pre>
%%{init: {'theme': 'dark', 'themeVariables': { 'darkMode': true, 'fontSize': '25px' }}}%%
flowchart LR
subgraph crate math
addmir["add (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph crate math2
submir["sub (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph my crate
mainmir["main (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph my crate
subgraph thinltosummary[ThinLTO Summary]
end
subgraph thinlto1[ThinLTO 1]
addll["add (LLVM IR)"]
subll["sub (LLVM IR)"]
end
subgraph thinlto2[ThinLTO 2]
mainll["main (LLVM IR)"]
end
mainmir --> thinltosummary
addmir --> thinltosummary
submir --> thinltosummary
thinltosummary --> mainll
thinltosummary --> addll
thinltosummary --> subll
thinlto1 --> my_binary
thinlto2 --> my_binary
end
</pre>
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## linker-plugin-lto
- "original" LTO
- like fat LTO
- the merging is not done by rustc but by the linker
- works across languages (Rust (rustc) + C (clang))
- great for FFI
</textarea>
</section>
</div>
</div>